The goals and risks of elections in conflict prone divided societies 3 3. South sudan centre for conflict resolution ssccr peace. Locals in south sudans dinka and nuer strongholds say that the recent political crisis, which pits the. A policy workshop country case study the root causes of conflicts in sudan and the making of the darfur tradegy eltigani seisi. With international pressure, in 2005, a comprehensive peace agreement cpa was signed by the sudan peoples liberation army splma and khartoum. Peace and conflict assessment of south sudan 2012 5 executive summary this report is an assessment of peace, conflict and peacebuilding in south sudan, conducted between june 2011 and march 2012. North sudan wanted to convert south sudan, but south sudan retaliated so it wouldnt be converted. South sudan conflict pdf download south sudan conflict.
South sudan since 15 december 20, which has had such disastrous economic, political and social consequences for the people of south sudan. South sudans ongoing civil war tests ethiopias foreign policy. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. Igad center for pastoral areas and livestock development. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for the western region and its nonarab population. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for. Talks led by east africas igad offer the best chance to end south sudans spreading war. Pdf a strategic analysis of conflict in sudan and south. The wants study to concentrate on the conflict as from 20 because of its relative importance in checking the stability of the intra south sudan conflict upon attaining the status of a country. Much of the violence in sudan and south sudan has been incorrectly labeled as terrorism, and systemic conditions are often cited as the root cause. This ended the civil war and allowed for a referendum and eventual south sudanese independence in 2011. The sudan peoples liberation movement, the ruling political party that originally led the way for independence, is now divided and fighting for power. It is an outsiders view and will no doubt, given the complexity of south sudan, be full of gaps and generalisations.
There is little need to repeat yet again this rather long history. South sudan unrest exacerbated by conflict among cattle. Sep 14, 2016 understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. South sudan unrest exacerbated by conflict among cattle herders. But even as the civil war between north and south was reaching what was thought to be the ultimate conclusion, another conflict was brewing in the little known western portion of sudan. South sudans current conflict leaves residents in desperate state nprs kelly mcevers speaks with justin lynch, a journalist in juba, south sudan, about the roots of the current conflict in. Apr 12, 2010 but even as the civil war between north and south was reaching what was thought to be the ultimate conclusion, another conflict was brewing in the little known western portion of sudan. The goals and risks of elections in conflictprone divided societies 3 3. A graveyard in south sudans capital has become home to thousands of people desperate for shelter, their flimsy tents lining the ground among the tombstones. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the splma leadership remained in the hands of the former chairman late dr.
Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp. Its current capital is juba, which is also its largest city. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Igad khartoum declaration of agreement between parties. The case of south sudans agreement on the resolution of the. However, many issues remain unresolved for south sudan and its northern neighbour. Omer hassan alimed elbashir, president of the republic of sudan was entrusted by the 32extraordi nary summit of igad on south sudan, convened in addis ababa, ethiopia, on 21 june. International partners must put aside their disillusionment and rally to the regional bodys new igadplus mechanism to help mediators reach a deal. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Introduction south sudans independence from sudan in 2011 did not resolve internal conflicts in either country. Igad center of excellence in preventing and countering violent extremism. Sudans war in darfur never stopped, and in the months surrounding south sudans independence, war broke out in sudans disputed abyei, as well as south kordofan and blue nile.
In an email interview, terrance lyons explores ties between ethiopia. This socalled hybrid court for south sudan combining elements of both domestic and international law and staffed by legal experts from south sudan and abroad currently represents the most viable option for ensuring accountability for crimes committed. When the conflict began between the dinka and nuer groups, uganda entered juba, the capital of south sudan, to secure the area and allow refugees to leave the city. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Although ethnicity is a contributing factor to the ongoing crisis in south sudan, particularly. Then there were more than 230 000 refugees who were hosted inside south sudan and continue to be so. Right from the independence of sudan from the british colonial government in 1956, the government of sudan was overly dominated by northern arabs and it entered into an armed conflict with south sudanese rebels. The state of human rights in the protracted conflict in south.
A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline. The history of south sudan comprises the history of the territory of presentday south sudan and the peoples inhabiting the region. South sudan is not the only country where communal conflicts may at times be deadlier. Since south sudan was becoming more christian, and north sudan is still islam there is a lot of controversy between the two countries. The state of human rights in the protracted conflict in.
January 2009 summary type of conflict parties to the conflict status of the fighting number of deaths political developments background arms sources economic factors summary. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. The northsouth conflict in historical perspective t he peoples ofsouthern sudan have suffered nearly two centuries of colonial rule under the turkoegyptian, the mahdiya, the anglo egyptian, and the postindependencenorthern regimes. South sudan conflict pdf download south sudan conflict issue pdf download south sudan gained independence from sudan in july 2011, but the hardwon celebration was shortlived. Some of the abuses constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity. Solutions for moving beyond an ethnic conflict eric. Armed conflicts report sudan 1983 first combat deaths update. Official pdf, 58 pages world bank documents world bank group. Ethiopia must continue to help stabilise south sudan crisis. From independence to civil war united states holocaust memorial. South sudan is home to more than 60 ethnic groups, with the dinka and the nuer. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent.
Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict transformation a northern and a southern view january 2006. However, its lack of implementation has sparked conflict in the oilrich abyei, south. Mar 11, 2014 south sudan unrest exacerbated by conflict among cattle herders. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december.
The breakthrough in the northsouth peace process has come at a time of escalating. The south sudan conflict is one of the longest in global history. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group. An analysis of mediation as a tool in conflict resolution. Igads mediation in the current south sudan conflict. Feb 22, 2020 south sudan, officially the republic of south sudan and previously known as southern sudan, is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa that is part of the united nations subregion of eastern africa. An analysis of mediation as a tool in conflict resolution in. It analyses how local, national and international dynamics around independence in july 2011 and the end of the six and ahalfyear formal comprehensive.
This socalled hybrid court for south sudan combining elements of both domestic and international law and staffed by legal experts from south sudan and abroad currently represents the most viable option for ensuring accountability for crimes committed during the conflict, as well as for deterring further abuses. For more than eighteen months, the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the regional body mediating peace negotiations to end south sudans civil war, has struggled to secure a deal in the face of deep regional divisions and the parties truculence. More important, sudans shift in alignment from egypt to ethiopia has injected new tension into the dispute, and the sustained involvement of south sudan, kenya, uganda and eritrea heightens the. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. The south sudan center for conflict resolution ssccr is an indigenous organisation which started in 2008 as an initiative to engage young people with ideas of peace, development and human rights for communities from the southern sudan region. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan. Modern history of conflict in sudan pulitzer center. Institute of peace, june 2011, filesresourcessr278. South sudan, officially the republic of south sudan and previously known as southern sudan, is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa that is part of the united nations subregion of eastern africa. The pair hails from the two dominant ethnic groups in south sudan, the. Mapping conflict violence in south sudan community.
South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. They come on top of the 125 000 internally displaced persons idp who had already been displaced before the fighting erupted. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war. Geographically, south sudan is not part of the sudan region at all the sahel, forming as it does part of subsaharan africa. Uganda, south sudans southern neighbor, has had an enduring role in aiding south sudan in its infant years. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. Ethiopia must continue to help stabilise south sudan. The sources of conflict between the north and the south in sudan.
Great britain established colonial rule of the region sudan in the 19th century. In 2017, south sudans civil war entered its fourth year, spreading across the country with new fighting in greater upper nile, western bahr al ghazal, and the equatorias, featuring highly. It analyses how local, national and international dynamics around independence in july 2011 and the end of the sixandahalfyear formal comprehensive. Profoundly regretting the suffering and distress caused to the people of south sudan by the conflict ongoing in south sudan since 15 december 20 and apologising unconditionally to. South sudans ongoing civil war tests ethiopias foreign. But the question now is whether the current legal framework for peacekeeping operations can be applied to south sudan, given the complicated nature of. Omer hassan alimed elbashir, president of the republic of sudan was entrusted by the 32extraordi nary summit of igad on south sudan, convened in.
Khartoum declaration of agreement between parties of the. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. The strength of the narrative is in trying to provide nuance. This article argues that terrorism is the use of violence to coerce political concessions and. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. States made major investments in south sudans recovery and development after the sudanese civil war. In 1924, the british divided the region into two territories. The bold recommendations made in ending south sudans civil war.
There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. The wants study to concentrate on the conflict as from 20 because of its relative importance in checking the stability of the intrasouth sudan conflict upon. Today, due to the horrific events that have occurred there over the past several years, we know it as darfur. Oct 25, 2016 but the question now is whether the current legal framework for peacekeeping operations can be applied to south sudan, given the complicated nature of its armed conflict, which includes nonstate. Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. This conflict mainly arose because of religious differences.
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